Effect of Different Mulching Materials on Weed Emergence and Quality of Strawberry under Rainfed Conditions

Tooba  Maroof; Muneeba Tahir; Noosheen Zahid; Muhammad Noman Naseem Khan; Muhammad Tahir Younas; Jahanzaib  Shahzad; Tehmina  Zafar; Muhammad Zeeshan; Arslan  Pervaiz; Ahsan Yasin

doi:10.38211/joarps.2024.05.229

Authors

Tooba Maroof Department of Horticulture, University of Poonch Rawalakot, AJK
Muneeba Tahir Department of Horticulture, University of Poonch Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan.
Noosheen Zahid Department of Horticulture, University of Poonch Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan.
Muhammad Noman Naseem Khan Department of Horticulture, University of Poonch Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan.
Muhammad Tahir Younas Department of Plant Pathology, University of Poonch Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan.
Jahanzaib Shahzad Department of Horticulture, University of Poonch Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan.
Tehmina Zafar Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan.
Muhammad Zeeshan Department of Horticulture, University of Poonch Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan.
Arslan Pervaiz Department of Horticulture, University of Poonch Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan
Ahsan Yasin Department of Horticulture, University of Poonch Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.38211/joarps.2024.05.229

Keywords:

Strawberry, Chandler, rainfed, temperate

Abstract

Strawberry is one of the most attractive fruits among berries. It possess unique place among cultivated berry fruits due to its attractive red color, taste, flavor and high nutritional value. For commercial production plants are propagated from runners but weed infestation is the biggest problem of strawberry crop. In this regard, the current study was designed to use different mulching materials on weed control, morphological and physico-chemical characteristics of strawberry cv. Chandler under rain fed conditions of Rawalakot. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with six mulching treatments. Data was recorded for various parameters including weed control, morphological characteristics, physical characteristics and biochemical characteristics. Results showed that maximum weed control (10.33) was found in strawberry plants grown in black polythene mulch. However, maximum survival percentage (95.75), leaves per plant (8.0), flowers per plants (7.33),fruits per plant (5.33), runners per plant(8.33), chlorophyll a (8.55 g/mL), chlorophyll b (9.26 g/mL), total chlorophyll (18.14 g/mL), fruit weight (2.93g), fruit diameter(2.73 cm) were found in strawberry plants grown in mulching material amended with coconut coir. Bio chemicals parameters like total soluble solids (TSS) (8.50%), titratable acidity (TA) (1.89%), vitamin C (0.25 mg/100g), total anthocyanins (40.06 mg/100g), total phenolics (0.60 mg gallic acid/100 g), total flavonoids (2.86 mg/100gFW), and antioxidant activity (0.89 µg/100 mg FW) were also found maximum in plants grown in coconut coir. Based on current findings it can be concluded that mulching material black polythene was found better for weed control and coconut coir was found better for morphological and physico-chemical characteristics of strawberry

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Angami, T., H. Kalita, J. Kumar, R. Singh and K. Bhagawati. 2020. Standardization of optimum planting time and mulching material on yield and berry quality of Strawberry variety Chandler under sub-tropical mid hill Conditions. Bulletin of Enviroment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 9: 134-141.

Anwar, R., S. Gul, I. A. Rajwana and K. Razzaq. 2017. Strawberry: Scrimptions but still an underutilization fruit in Pakistan. Horticulture Magazine, 7: 179-182.

AOAC. 1990. Official method of analysis. The Association of Official Analytical Chemistry Washington 14th Edition Arlington, 1: 88-91.

Ariza, M., R. Rodriguez, L. Mazzoni, T. Forbes, F. Giampieri, S. Afrin, M. Gasparrini, C. Soria , E. M. Ferri, M. Battino and B. Mezzetti. 2016. Strawberry achenes are an important source of bioactive compounds for human health. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17: 1103-1117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17071103

Aziz, M. M., R. S. Amina, M. M. Abbas and S. Riaz. 2018. Evaluation of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cultivars for morphological and physio-chemical parameters in subtropical climate. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences, 34: 126-129.

Bakshi, P., D. J. Bhat, V. Wali, A. J. Sharma and M. Iqbal. 2014. Growth, yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. Chandler as influenced by various mulching materials. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 9: 701-706. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2013.7983

Bhatt, R., K.L. Kheral. 2006. Effect of tillage and mode of straw mulch application on soil erosion in sub mountaineous track of Punjab, India. Soil and Tillage Research, 88: 107-115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.05.004

Chang, C. C., Yang, M. H. and J. C. Chern. 2002. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10: 178-182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.2748

Ercisli, S., U. Sahin, A. Esitken, and O. Anapali, 2005. Effect of growing media on the growth of strawberry cvs.‘Camarosa’ and ‘Fern. Acta Agrobotanica, 58: 185-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.2005.024

FAO, 2018. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States. Statistics Division. www. Fao.Org. (Accessed on 24/07/2020).

Finn, C. E. and B. C. Strike. 2008. Strawberry cultivars for Oregon, EC 1618-E, Oregon State University, 1-7.

Fortnum, B. A., D. R. Decoteau, M.J. Kasperbauer and W.Bridges. 1995. Effect of coloured mulches on root-knot of tomato. Phytopathology, 85, 312– 318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-85-312

GOP, 2019. Monthly weather report. National weather forecasting center, Islamabad. 20-21 pp.

Hakkinen, S. H. and A. R. Torronen. 2000. Content of flavonols and selected phenolic acids in strawberries and vaccinium species: influence of cultivar, cultivation site and technique. Food Research International, 33: 517-524. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00086-7

Hakkinen, S. H., S. O. Karenlampi and A. R. Torronen 2000. Content of flavonol squercetin myricetin and kaempferol in 25 edible berries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47: 2274-2279. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9811065

Izakovic, R. 1989. Effect of plastic mulch on the yield and some traits of maize lines. Rostlinna Vyroba, 35: 973–980.

Jayswal, N., G. Singh, A. Kanojia and B. Debbarma. 2018. Effect of different mulches on growth and yield of carrot (Dacuscarota L). International Journal of Chemical Studies, 6: 381-384.

Kumar, R., P. Bakshi, M. Singh, A. K. Singh, V. Vikas, J. N. Srivatava, V. Kumar and V. Gupta. 2018. Organic production of Strawberry. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 6: 1231-1236.

Kumar, S. D. and B. R. Lal. 2012. Effect of mulching on crop production under rainfed condition. International Journal of Research in Chemistry and Enviroment, 2: 8-20.

Kumar, S., T. Sarkar and S. K. Sarkar. 2018. Influence of mulching materials on strawberry grown under protected conditions. Journal of Crops and Weeds, 14: 58-63.

Kumar, V., A. K. Bhatt, V. Sharma and P. Sohan. 2019. Effect of different mulches on soil moisture, growth and yield Eureka Lemon under rain fed conditions. Indian Journal of Dry Land Agriculture Research and Development, 30: 83-88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-6701.2015.00013.5

Kuroki, M., Y. Shioi and T. Sasa. 1981. Purification and soluble chlorophyllase from tea leaf spot sprouts. Journal of Plant and Cell Physiology, 22: 717-725.

Lal, A. R. 2004. Soil carbon sequestration impact on global climate change. Journal of Food Security Sciences, 304: 1623-1627. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1097396

Lal, R. (2004). Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change. Geoderma, 123(1-2), 1-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.01.032

Lim, H., K. Lim, O. Know, B. Kim, W. Kim and H. Kim. 2015. Effect of mulching practices on the weed occurrence, soil physical property and yield of sweet persimmon Diopyros Kaki. Journal of Agro-Environmental Sciences, 39: 27–31.

Mahmood, T., Anwar, F., Abbas, M., & Saari, N. (2012). Effect of maturity on phenolics (phenolic acids and flavonoids) profile of strawberry cultivars and mulberry species from Pakistan. International journal of molecular sciences, 13(4), 4591-4607. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13044591

Mahmood, T., F. Anwar, T. Iqbal, I. Ahmad, I. A. Bhatti and M. Ashraf. 2012. Mineral composition of strawberry, mulberry and cherry fruits at different ripening stages as analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 35: 111-122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2012.631671

Mondal, D. 2010. Possibility of strawberry cultivation in Bangladesh: An assignment on strawberry. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 20: 370-374.

Moor, U., K. Karp and P. Poldma, 2004. Effect of mulching and fertilization on the quality of strawberries. Acta Horticulturae, 553: 69-71.

Nagalakshmi, S., D. Palanisamy, S. Eswaran and V. Sreenarayanan. 2002. Influence of plastic mulching on chilli yield and economics. South Indian Horticulture, 50: 262–265

Park, S. U., K. Y. Park, Y. K. Kang and S. K. Jong. 1987. Effect of polythene mulching and tunnel on the growth and yield of early produced sweet corn. Journal of Agriculture Crops, 29: 245-250.

Quin, W., C. Hu and O. Oenema. 2015. Soil mulching significantly enhances yields and water and nitrogen use efficiencies of maize and wheat. Scientific Report, 5: 161-210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep16210

Rahman, M., M. Rahman, M. M. Hossain, M. A. Khaleque and Q. A. Khaliq. 2015. Field performance and fruit quality of strawberry genotypes under subtropical climate. Journal of Agriculture Research, 9: 701-706.

Schonbeck, M. W. (1998). Weed suppression and labor costs associated with organic, plastic, and paper mulches in small-scale vegetable production. Journal of Sustain. Journal of Agriculture, 13: 13-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J064v13n02_04

Sharma, R. R. 2002. Growing Strawberries. International Book Distributing Co., Lucknow, India. pp. 1-99.

Sharma, V. K. 2000. Effect of mulching and row spacing on growth and yield of strawberry. Journal of Horticulture, 66: 271-73.

Sharma,V. P. and R. R Sharma. 2004. The strawberry: Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 40: 58-65.

Singh, A. K. and S. Kamal. 2012. Effect of black plastic mulch on soil temperature and tomato yield in mid hills of Garhwal Himalayas. Journal of Horticulture and Forestry, 4: 78-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF11.023

Singh, A., M. Singh and S. Singh. 2001. Effective utilization of distillation waste as organic mulch for weed management in aromatic grass, Citronella java. International Journal of Pest Management, 47: 253-257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09670870110046777

Steel, R. G., D. Torrie and D. A. Dickey. 1997. Principle and Procedures of Statistics: A biometrical approach. 3rdEdition. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Boston, Massachusetts, 635 pp.

Sudheer, A. K., Aslam, M. Y., Upadhyay, M., Rengarajan, R., Bhushan, R., Rathore, J. S., ... & Kumar, S. (2016). Carbonaceous aerosol over semi-arid region of western India: Heterogeneity in sources and characteristics. Atmospheric Research, 178, 268-278. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.03.026

Tarara, J. M. (2000). Microclimate modification with plastic mulch. HortScience, 35(2), 169-180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.35.2.169

Teasdale, J. R., & Mohler, C. L. (2000). The quantitative relationship between weed emergence and the physical properties of mulches. Weed Science, 48(3), 385-392. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2000)048[0385:TQRBWE]2.0.CO;2

Wang, H., Cao, G., & Prior, R. L. (1996). Total antioxidant capacity of fruits. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 44(3), 701-705. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf950579y

Yu, J., M. Wang, C. Dong, B. Xie, G. Liu, Y. Fu and H. Liu. 2015. Analysis and evaluation of strawberry growth, photosynthetic characteristics, biomass yield and quality in an artificial closed ecosystem. Scientia Horticulturae, 19: 188-194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.009

Zahid, N., A. Ali, S. Manikum, Y. Siddique, P. G. Alderson and M. Maqbool. 2014. Efficiency of curative application of submicron chitosan dispersions on anthracnose intensity and vegetative growth of dragon fruitfly. Journal of Crop Protection, 62: 129-134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2014.04.010

Zheng, Y., Wang, S. Y., Wang, C. Y., & Zheng, W. (2007). Changes in strawberry phenolics, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity in response to high oxygen treatments. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 40(1), 49-57 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2005.08.013