Response of Tomato Varieties against Root-Knot Nematodes Fauna from Poonch Highlands, Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Muhammad Tariq Khan; Tanzeel Ur Rehman; Raees Ahmed; Lubna Zafar; Muhammad Tahir  Younas; Jawad Zareen; Muhammad Jamil; Shahid Ahmed

doi:10.38211/joarps.2024.05.298

Authors

Muhammad Tariq Khan University of Poonch Rawalakot
Tanzeel Ur Rehman Department of Plant Pathology, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
Raees Ahmed Department of Plant Pathology, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
Lubna Zafar Department of Computer Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Muhammad Tahir Younas Department of Plant Pathology, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Jawad Zareen Department of Education
Muhammad Jamil Department of Agronomy, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
Shahid Ahmed Plant Science Division, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.38211/joarps.2024.05.298

Keywords:

Root-knot nematodes, incidence, Tomato genotypes, Greenhouse, Sustainable yield

Abstract

Root-knot nematode (RKN) is an important group of plant pathogens with wide distribution among tropical and temperate areas with extensive host range among cultivated and wild plants. Tropical RKN species M. incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria are distributed in temperate areas of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. This study focused on virulence of RKN fauna on tomato crop from highlands Poonch division and their virulence study on 7 leading tomato cultivars with objective of resistance identification among accepted cultivars grown in the region. Tomato was found cultivated on 68% of surveyed sites, while 78.5% fields were found infested with RKN. Galling index was higher than 5.9 on 34 locations, among them 21 farms were located above 4500-6800ft from sea level which was not usual. RKN found infesting as single species, ore in combinations of three. Highest virulent strain combinations of RKN was used to check the performance of leading tomato cultivars in greenhouse. Screening results showed Sahel, Adventa and Roma as resistance genotypes against RKN while Hero and yellow pear were found moderately resistant, while Black cherry moderately susceptible and Money maker highly susceptible even in temperate conditions. Sahel and Hero were found with least infested with 30% and 38% disease incidence. The study will help in reducing RKN threat on low temperature highland areas by cultivating of resistant genotypes reducing RKN reproduction by providing as opportunity for sustainable yield

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Anwar, S. A. and N. Javed. 2010. Meloidogyne incognita infecting Dahlia. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 42: 348-350.

Barker, K.R., Carter, C.C. and Sasser, J.N. (1985). An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne. Vol. II. Methodology, Raleigh, NC, USA, North Carolina State University Graphics.

Bridge, J. and J. S. L. Page. 1980. Estimation of root-knot nematodes infestation levels on roots using a rating chart. Tropical Pest Management, 23: 296- 298. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09670878009414416

Chitwood, B. G. 1949. 'Root-knot nematodes'. Part 1. A revision of the genus Meloidogynegoeldi. 1887. In: Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 16: 90-104.

Engindeniz, S. and G. O. Cosar. 2013. An Economic comparison of pesticides application for processing and tablet tomatoes: A case study for Turkey. Journal of Pathology Research, 53: 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jppr-2013-0035

FAO. 2017. Food and Agricultural Organization. Agricultural Statistics. QC (Accessed 26.04. 2019).

Hussain, M. A., T. Mukhtar and M. Z. Kayani. 2011. Efficacy evaluation of Azadirachtaindica, Calotropisprocera, Daturastramonium and Tageteserecta against root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43: 1-4.

Kamal, A. M., M. Abo-Elyousr and E. H. A. Hashem. 2009. Integrated control of cotton root rot disease by mixing fungal biocontrol agents and resistance inducers. Crop Protection, 28: 95-301. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2008.11.004

Kayani, M. Z., T. Mukhtar, M. A. Hussain and M. I. Haque. 2013. Infestation assessment of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) associated with cucumber in the Pothowar region of Pakistan. Crop Protection, 47: 49-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2013.01.005

Khan, H. U., T. Mukhtar, R. Ahmed and M. A. Iqbal. 2006. Studies on the distribution and control of Meloidogyne root-knot nematodes in Faisalabad and Lahore division, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 24: 57-64.

Khan, M. T. 2018. Genetic characterization of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) from vegetable crops of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. PhD thesis University of Agriculture Peshawar.pp.78-80.

Maqbool, M. A. and F. Shahina. 2001. Biodiversity of nematode fauna in Pakistan. National Nematological Research Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi, 179 pp.

Meressa, Beira Hailu. 2014. Distribution, Population Dynamics and Sustainable Management of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Cut-Flowers in Ethiopia. PhD diss., Universitäts-und Landesbibliothek Bonn,

Mckenry, M.V. and P.A. Roberts. 1985. Phytonematology study guide on nematodes and nematicides. University of California. Special Publications. 4045. P. 56.

Mukhtar, T. M. Z. Kayani and M. A. Hussain. 2013. Nematicidal activities of Cannabis sativa L. and Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb. Against Meloidogyne incognita. Industrial Crops and Products, 42: 447-453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.06.027

Oka, Y., H. Koltai, M.Bar-Eyal, M. Mor, E. Sharon, I. Chet and Y. Spiegel. 2000. New strategies for the control of plant parasitic nematode. Journal of Pest Management Science, 56: 983-988. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1526-4998(200011)56:11<983::AID-PS233>3.0.CO;2-X

Sasser, J. N. and C. C. Carter. 1982. Root-knot nematode identification, morphology and physiology variation, host range, ecology and control. In: Riggs, R. D. (ed), Nematology in the Southern Region of the United States. Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin Arkanas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteeville, Arkansas, 2: 21-32.

Meressa, B. H., Heuer, H., Dehne, H. W. and Hallmann, J. (2014) First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla Parasitizing Roses in Ethiopia. Plant Disease, 98, 1286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-14-0383-PDN

Tariq-Khan, M., Gardazi, S. Z. A., Khan, A. D. A., Ilyas, M. and Ahmad, I. (2020a) Virulence and Distribution Trends of Root-Knot Nematode (RKN) Fauna on Summer Vegetables in District Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan). Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 38, 139-148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjn/2020.38.2.139.148

Tariq-Khan, M., Khan, A. D. A., Saeed, M., Gardazi, S. Z. A., Mehmood, B. and Ahmed, R. (2020b) Distribution and virulence of root-knot nematodes on summer vegetables in Sudhnuti district of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology, 32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.032.01.0563

Tariq-Khan, M., Mukhtar, T., Munir, A., Hallmann, J. and Heuer, H. (2020c) Comprehensive report on the prevalence of root-knot nematodes in the Poonch division of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Journal of Phytopathology, 168 322-336. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12895

Tariq-Khan, M., Munir, A., Mukhtar, T., Hallmann, J. and Heuer, H. (2017) Distribution of root-knot nematode species and their virulence on vegetables in northern temperate agro-ecosystems of the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 124, 201-212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-016-0045-9