Impact of Salinity Stress on Major Cereal Crops and Integrated Management Strategies for Sustainable Production
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38211/joarps.2025.06.328Keywords:
Cereal crops, salinity stress, agronomic practices, breeding strategies, plant growth-promoting microbes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungiAbstract
Abiotic stress factors, particularly salinity, pose a major threat to global agriculture by significantly reducing the growth and yield of major cereal crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum), rice (Oryza sativa), and maize (Zea mays), which are fundamental to global food security. The increasing extent of salt-affected soils—driven by climate change, inappropriate irrigation practices, and natural soil processes highlights the urgent need for sustainable and practical management strategies. Addressing salinity requires an integrated approach that combines improved agronomic practices, including gypsum application, efficient irrigation management, balanced fertilization, organic amendments, and the judicious use of plant growth regulators, with advanced breeding strategies. Recent progress in quantitative triat loci (QTL) mapping, marker-assisted selection, genetic engineering, and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing has enhanced the precision and efficiency of developing salt-tolerant cultivars. In addition, beneficial microorganisms such as plant growth-promoting bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi play a crucial role in in enhancing hormonal balance and strengthening plant defense systems under saline conditions. Collectively, these integrated strategies provide a sustainable pathway to improve crop resilience, maintain cereal productivity, and ensure food security in salt-affected regions.
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