Characterization and Assessment of Irrigation Water Quality: A GIS Based Study of District Chakwal, Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38211/joarps.2022.3.2.37Abstract
Water quality is one of the most important criteria that not only affect crop growth but also its proper management can lead to sustainable yields and improved soil health. Hence, the current study was conducted to explain the quality of groundwater for irrigation. For this, random sampling of water was carried out in 5 tehsils of district Chakwal including Talagang, Chakwal, Lawa, Kallar Kahar, and Choa Sedan Shah for a period of five years. Three parameters including EC (μS/cm), RSC (meq/L), and SAR were considered for assessing the quality of groundwater of district Chakwal. About 343 water samples from tehsil Talagang, 86 from Lawa, 989 from Chakwal, 27 from Choa Sedan Shah, and 134 from Kallar Kahar were collected. Maximum range of EC (220-26500), SAR (0.00-75.57) and RSC (0.00-12.80) was observed in Tehsil Chakwal. According to water quality parameters, samples showed higher fitness in RSC in comparison to SAR and EC in all tehsils. For instance, in tehsil Choa Saidan Shah fit water samples were 97.87%, while in Kallar Kahar 86.56%, Talagang 90.08%, Lawa 90.69%, and Chakwal 82.40%. Finally classifying the water samples on the three quality parameters EC (μS/cm), RSC (meq/L), and SAR revealed that 54.28% of water samples were found unfit. Based on the presented data, it could be recommended that in tehsils where the quality parameters are poor, the water needs to be reclamation for sustained crop production and improved soil health.
Downloads
References
Azizullah, A., Khattak, M. N. K., Richter, P., & Häder, D.-P. (2011). Water pollution in pakistan and its impact on public health—a review. Environment international, 37(2), 479-497. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2010.10.007
Chabukdhara, M., Gupta, S. K., Kotecha, Y., & Nema, A. K. (2017). Groundwater quality in ghaziabad district, uttar pradesh, india: Multivariate and health risk assessment. Chemosphere, 179, 167-178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.086
Chitsazan, M., Aghazadeh, N., Mirzaee, Y., & Golestan, Y. (2019). Hydrochemical characteristics and the impact of anthropogenic activity on groundwater quality in suburban area of urmia city, iran. Environment, development and sustainability, 21(1), 331-351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-017-0039-1
Hussain, Y., Ullah, S. F., Akhter, G., & Aslam, A. Q. (2017). Groundwater quality evaluation by electrical resistivity method for optimized tubewell site selection in an ago-stressed thal doab aquifer in pakistan. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 3(1), 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-017-0282-3
Iqbal, J., Nazzal, Y., Howari, F., Xavier, C., & Yousef, A. (2018). Hydrochemical processes determining the groundwater quality for irrigation use in an arid environment: The case of liwa aquifer, abu dhabi, united arab emirates. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 7, 212-219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2018.06.004
Iqbal, J., Shah, N. S., Sayed, M., Imran, M., Muhammad, N., Howari, F. M.,. others. (2019). Synergistic effects of activated carbon and nano-zerovalent copper on the performance of hydroxyapatite-alginate beads for the removal of as3+ from aqueous solution. Journal of Cleaner Production, 235, 875-886. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.316
Iqbal, J., Shah, N. S., Sayed, M., Muhammad, N., Khan, J. A., Khan, Z. U. H., others. (2020). Deep eutectic solvent-mediated synthesis of ceria nanoparticles with the enhanced yield for photocatalytic degradation of flumequine under uv-c. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 33, 101012-101012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.101012
Jamshidzadeh, Z., & Barzi, M. T. (2018). Groundwater quality assessment using the potability water quality index (pwqi): A case in the kashan plain, central iran. Environmental earth sciences, 77(3), 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7237-5
Jiang, S., & Georgakopoulos, S. (2011). Electromagnetic wave propagation into fresh water. Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/jemaa.2011.37042
Kattan, Z. (2018). Using hydrochemistry and environmental isotopes in the assessment of groundwater quality in the euphrates alluvial aquifer, syria. Environmental earth sciences, 77(2), 1-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-7197-1
Li, P., Tian, R., Xue, C., & Wu, J. (2017). Progress, opportunities, and key fields for groundwater quality research under the impacts of human activities in china with a special focus on western china. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(15), 13224-13234. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8753-7
Niazi, N. K., Bibi, I., Shahid, M., Ok, Y. S., Burton, E. D., Wang, H., Lüttge, A. (2018). Arsenic removal by perilla leaf biochar in aqueous solutions and groundwater: An integrated spectroscopic and microscopic examination. Environmental Pollution, 232, 31-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.051
Page, A. I., Miller, R. H., & Keeny, D. R. (1982). Methods of soil analysis. Part ii. Chemical and microbiological methods. Amer. Soc. Agron., Madison, Wisconsin, USA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed
Podgorski, J. E., Eqani, S. A. M. A. S., Khanam, T., Ullah, R., Shen, H., & Berg, M. (2017). Extensive arsenic contamination in high-ph unconfined aquifers in the indus valley. Science advances, 3(8), e1700935-e1700935. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700935
Rahman, M. M., Howladar, M. F., Hossain, M. A., Muzemder, A. T. M. S. H., & Al Numanbakth, M. A. (2020). Impact assessment of anthropogenic activities on water environment of tillai river and its surroundings, barapukuria thermal power plant, dinajpur, bangladesh. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 10, 100310-100310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2019.100310
Rana, R., Ganguly, R., & Gupta, A. K. (2018). Indexing method for assessment of pollution potential of leachate from non-engineered landfill sites and its effect on ground water quality. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 190(1), 1-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6417-1
Rasool, A., Farooqi, A., Masood, S., & Hussain, K. (2016). Arsenic in groundwater and its health risk assessment in drinking water of mailsi, punjab, pakistan. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(1), 187-202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015.1056295
Rasool, A., Xiao, T., Baig, Z. T., Masood, S., Mostofa, K. M. G., & Iqbal, M. (2015). Co-occurrence of arsenic and fluoride in the groundwater of punjab, pakistan: Source discrimination and health risk assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(24), 19729-19746. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5159-2
Shahid, M., Khalid, M., Dumat, C., Khalid, S., Niazi, N. K., Imran, M., Tabassum, R. A. (2018). Arsenic level and risk assessment of groundwater in vehari, punjab province, pakistan. Exposure and Health, 10(4), 229-239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-017-0257-7
Shakir, S. K., Azizullah, A., Murad, W., Daud, M. K., Nabeela, F., Rahman, H., others. (2016). Toxic metal pollution in pakistan and its possible risks to public health. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 242, 1-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2016_9
Shirani, Z., Santhosh, C., Iqbal, J., & Bhatnagar, A. (2018). Waste moringa oleifera seed pods as green sorbent for efficient removal of toxic aquatic pollutants. Journal of environmental management, 227, 95-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.077
Shooshtarian, M. R., Dehghani, M., Margherita, F., Gea, O. C., & Mortezazadeh, S. (2018). Land use change and conversion effects on ground water quality trends: An integration of land change modeler in gis and a new ground water quality index developed by fuzzy multi-criteria group decision-making models. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 114, 204-214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.025
Singh, P. K., Panigrahy, B. P., Verma, P., & Kumar, B. (2018). Evaluation of the surface water quality index of jharia coal mining region and its management of surface water resources (pp. 429-437): Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5792-2_34
Subedi, N., Lähde, A., Abu-Danso, E., Iqbal, J., & Bhatnagar, A. (2019). A comparative study of magnetic chitosan (chi@ fe3o4) and graphene oxide modified magnetic chitosan (chi@ fe3o4go) nanocomposites for efficient removal of cr (vi) from water. International journal of biological macromolecules, 137, 948-959. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.151
Thompson, L., George, S., Bushra, A., & Santy, S. R. (2018). An assessment of groundwater quality in kottukal microwatershed in thiruvananthapuram district, south kerala. Current Science, 655-660. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v114/i03/655-660
Thorne, D. W. (1954). Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils: Us salinity laboratory staff usda agricultural handbook 60, washington, dc, government printing office. 160 pp. 1954. $2.00: Wiley Online Library.
Vasanthavigar, M., Srinivasamoorthy, K., Vijayaragavan, K., Rajiv Ganthi, R., Chidambaram, S., Anandhan, P., Vasudevan, S. (2010). Application of water quality index for groundwater quality assessment: Thirumanimuttar sub-basin, tamilnadu, india. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 171(1), 595-609. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1302-1
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Rizwan Latif, Muhammad Ehsan, Abdul Latif, Muhammad Jan, Muhammad Arsalan, Madeeha Khan, Abdul sattar, Muhammad Waleej Arslan, Obaidur Rehman, Sair Sarwar, Qudrat Ullah Khan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
