The Effect of Water Stress on Growth and Yield Performance of Wheat Genotypes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38211/joarps.2022.3.2.32Abstract
Climate change is one of the major threats to wheat cultivation globally. Among abiotic stress, imposed by climate change, drought stress causes a drastic effect on yield and productivity of wheat. Based on this context, research was carried out on eight genotypes including WS-I (Water stress), WS-II, WS-III, WS-IV, WS-V, WS-VI, WS-VII and Khirman (check variety) to check the effect of water stress at the experimental field of Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, Tandojam. The experiment was laid-out in a split-plot design (SPD) with factorial arrangement having four treatments i.e., T1 (normal six irrigations), T2 (one irrigation), T3 (two irrigations) and T4 (three irrigations) and three replications during Rabi season, 2019-2020 in order to assess the response of wheat genotypes under different water regimes conditions for vegetative, yield and yield-related traits. The results of analysis of variance results showed that genotypes were significantly different for all traits except spike length (cm). Similarly, a significant difference was observed among the treatments for all the traits except harvest index (%). While genotype x treatments interaction showed a significance level for most of the yield associated traits except few characters such as days to 75% heading, grain filling period, plant height (cm), peduncle length (cm), spikelets spike-1 and grains spike-1 indicating that genotypes perform similarly over the treatment. Maximum mean performance for all the traits was recorded under T3 treatment compared to the T2 and T1. Among the genotypes, WS-1V perform best for grains spike-1, grain weight spike-1 (g), 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield plot-1 and harvest index (%) under all treatments. However, WS-III also performed consistently under T2 and T3 treatment. Thus, genotypes like WS-III and WS-IV could be preferred for growing in those areas where growers face the problem of water shortage. Also, WS-III and WS-IV can be used as donor genotypes for developing drought tolerant varieties.
Downloads
References
Ahmad, R., Qadir, S., Ahmad, N., & Shah, K. H. (2003). Yield potential and stability of nine wheat varieties under water stress conditions. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 5(1): 7-9.
Ajmal, S. U., Zakir, N., & Mujahid, M. Y. (2009). Estimation of genetic parameters and character association in wheat. Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science, 1(1): 15-18.
Ali, A., Sadaqat, H. A., Kashif, M., & Wahid, M. A. (2018). Exploration of breeding potential for genetic biofortification and yield in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 55(4): 793-799.
Amiri, R., Bahraminejad, S., & Jalali-Honarmand, S. (2013). Effect of terminal drought stress on grain yield and some morphological traits in 80 bread wheat genotypes. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 5(10): 1145. 1145-1153.
Beltrano, J., & Ronco, M. G. (2008). Improved tolerance of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) to drought stress and rewatering by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus claroideum: Effect on growth and cell membrane stability. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 20(1): 29-37.
Bhutto, A. H., Rajpar, A. A., Kalhoro, S. A., Ali, A., Kalhoro, F. A., Ahmed, M., Raza, S., & Kalhoro, N. A. (2016). Correlation and regression analysis for yield traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. Natural Science, 8(03): 96-104.
Blum, A. (1979). Genetic improvement of drought resistance in crop plants. A case for sorghum. 495-545. In Hussell, H. and R. C. Staples (Eds.). Stress Physiology Crop Plants. Wiley Inter science, New York.
Gomez, K. A. and A. A. Gomez. 1984. Statistical procedures for agriculture research (Second Edition). John Wilay and Sons. New York. 680.
Jatoi, W. A., Baloch, M. J., Kumbhar, M. B., Khan, N. U., & Kerio, M. I. (2011). Effect of water stress on physiological and yield parameters at anthesis stage in elite spring wheat cultivars. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 27(1): 59-65.
Johari-Pireivatlou, M., & Maralian, H. (2011). Evaluation of 10 wheat cultivars under water stress at Moghan (Iran) condition. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(53): 10900-10905.
Khakwani, A. A., Dennett, M. D., Munir, M., & Abid, M. (2012). Growth and yield response of wheat varieties to water stress at booting and anthesis stages of development. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 44(3): 879-886.
Kumar, K. (2017). Breeding for water stress tolerance in Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). M.Sc. Thesis Dissertation Submitted to Department of Plant Breeding and Genetic, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan.
Liu, E. K., Mei, X. R., Yan, C. R., Gong, D. Z., & Zhang, Y. Q. (2016). Effects of water stress on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter translocation and WUE in two winter wheat genotypes. Agricultural Water Management, 167: 75-85.
Muhammad, A., Muhammad, M., Amjed, A., Hassan, S. W., Arif, H., Shahbaz, A., & Javed, M. A. (2012). Growth, yield components and harvest index of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) affected by different irrigation regimes and nitrogen management strategy. Science International (Lahore), 24(2): 215-218.
Ngwako, S., & Mashiqa, P. K. (2013). The effect of irrigation on the growth and yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 5(9): 976-982.
PARC. (2015). Wheat in Pakistan: A status paper. National coordinator wheat plant sciences division Pakistan Agricultural Research Council Islamabad, Pakistan. 1-9.
Qaseem, M. F., Qureshi, R., & Shaheen, H. (2019). Effects of pre-anthesis drought, heat and their combination on the growth, yield and physiology of diverse wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes varying in sensitivity to heat and drought stress. Scientific reports, 9(1): 1-12.
Sayed, H. I., & Gadallah, A. M. (1983). Variation in dry matter and grain filling characteristics in wheat cultivars. Field Crops Research, 7: 61-71.
Shahryari, R., Eshgh, A. G., Mollasadeghi, V., & Serajamani, R. (2013). Separating correlation coefficients into direct and indirect effects of important morphological traits on grain yield in 28 bread wheat genotypes under terminal drought stress. Int J Farming and Allied Sciences, 2(24): 1210-1216.
Shamsi, K., Petrosyan, M., Noor-Mohammadi, G., & Haghparast, R. (2010). The role of water deficit stress and water use efficiency on bread wheat cultivars. Journal of Applied Biosciences, 35: 2325-2331.
Sial, M. A., & Laghari, K. A. (2012). Genetic improvement of drought tolerance in semi-dwarf wheat. Science Technology and Development, 31(4): 335-340.
Tiwari, K. N., Paul, D. K., & Gontia, N. K. (2007). Characterization of meteorological drought. Hydrology, 30(1-2): 15-27.
USDA. (2015). Pakistan grain and feed annual. USDA foreign agricultural service. 1-4.
Wehner, G. G., Balko, C. C., Enders, M. M., Humbeck, K. K., & Ordon, F. F. (2015). Identification of genomic regions involved in tolerance to drought stress and drought stress induced leaf senescence in juvenile barley. BMC Plant Biology, 15(1): 1-15
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Tanveer Ali Soomro, Tanweer Fatah Abro, Wajid Ali Jatoi, Mahboob Ali Sial, Abdul Wahid Baloch, Khalil Ahmed Laghari; Kiran Soomro, Marina Kanwal Soomro, Muhammad Mustafa Soomro, Ali Bakhsh Soomro, Muhammad Daniyal Memon
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.